Eye condition
Diabetic retinopathy
Persistently raised blood sugar can damage the fine retinal vessels. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common causes of vision loss in adulthood – and is symptom-free for a long time.
Schematic illustration for explanation – medical approval required.
Why early detection matters so much
The condition often progresses unnoticed for a long time. Early changes can be detected before vision suffers – and the earlier the diagnosis, the better eyesight can be protected. Regular check-ups are important even when vision is good.
Important examinations
Retinal examination with dilated pupils as the basis. In addition, a macular OCT (self-pay) to detect macular oedema early, and measurement of intraocular pressure to capture additional risks. For many people with diabetes this combination is particularly worthwhile.
What you can do yourself
Keep blood sugar and blood pressure well controlled, attend your agreed eye appointments consistently and avoid smoking. With type 2 diabetes, an eye check-up directly after diagnosis is advisable.
Check-up intervals
As a rule at least once a year – more often if findings are abnormal or the risk is higher. We agree the right interval together with you.
Typical symptoms
- Initially usually no symptoms
- Later, blurred or fluctuating vision
- Dark spots or a “shower of soot” in case of bleeding
Precisely because early stages cannot be felt, regular retinal checks are a firm part of diabetes care.
How we examine
Retinal examination with dilated pupils, supplemented by OCT if macular oedema is suspected.
How we treat
Good control of blood sugar and blood pressure is decisive. At the eye, laser treatment or intravitreal injections may be options depending on the stage.
To the matching treatment →When you should act quickly
Sudden deterioration of vision, new dark spots or a “shower of soot”, and marked distortions: please have this assessed immediately.
More on eye emergencies →Editorial team: Augencentrum Mülheim · Last updated 07/2026